Rsync -z - Rsync is a command-line utility that lets you transfer files to local and remote locations. Rsync is convenient to use since it comes by default with most Linux distributions. You can customize the tool by using many of the available options. In this use case, we will use SSH in combination with rsync to secure the file transfer. ...

 
Jan 5, 2010 · Get to Know rsync. By. zonker. -. January 5, 2010. 12492. One of the handiest tools you’ll ever have on Linux (and other *nix systems) is rsync. As the name implies, rsync is used to sync files on remote and local machines. You can use rsync to copy files to remote systems and back again, or to make backups to locally mounted hard drives. . Dispatch manager

Rsync is a mechanism to mirror data on a single host or between multiple hosts. Rsync can duplicate directories and files and provide backup/restore operations or mobile device synchronization. This tutorial covers Rsync client and server configurations for both Linux and MS/Windows (using Cygwin).Idealized white beauty standards don't just hurt minority women psychologically—they have real physical effects too. Racist beauty standards do a lot of damage to non-white women. ...Jan 13, 2021 · Rsync stands for “remote synchronization”. It is used to transfer files with minimum actual transfer of data by copying only the sections of a file that have updated. Some of the useful features include: Copying links, devices, owners, groups, and permissions. It does not require elevated privileges (though it does require file permissions). rsync is a utility for efficiently transferring and synchronizing files between a computer and an external hard drive and across networked computers by comparing the modification times and sizes of files. [3] It is commonly found on Unix-like operating systems. The rsync algorithm is a type of delta encoding, and is used for minimizing network ...rsync. 1. Overview. rsync is a useful and efficient synchronization tool for transferring files and directories. rsync works in the archive mode if the -a option is passed. It synchronizes the directories recursively. It also keeps the ownership of users and groups, permissions, symbolic links (symlinks), and timestamps.Rsync works similarly to other remote server management tools like SSH and SCP. Here is the basic syntax of Rsync: rsync [options] source [destination] Here is the syntax to transfer a file from your local system to a remote server. It is also called a “push” operation. rsync local_file_path user@remote-host:remote_file_path.Turn your dull old desktop wallpaper into a useful calendar, with important dates right in front of your eyes. Delete that tired old waterfall scene or photograph of the hubby (sor...Building your small business team is always challenging – but even more so in 2022. You may not be able to control the overarching uncertainty and worker shortages. * Required Fiel...Using the rsync tool is a reliable and efficient way to synchronize files between directories or hosts. A traditional copy command would not preserve all of the files' properties and would take a longer time since it copies everything. With the options mentioned in this article it is possible to determine the properties that should also be copied and the rsync algorithm …One of the most useful tools in a sysadmin’s belt for this kind of task is rsync. The rsync tool can recursively navigate a directory structure and update a second …This question is quite old but I think this might help you: (from rsync 3.1.2 manual) Note that, when using the --recursive (-r) option (which is implied by -a), every subcomponent of every path is visited from the top down, so include/exclude patterns get applied recursively to each subcomponent's full name (e.g. to include "/foo/bar/baz" the …文章目录1. rsync简介2.rsync特性3.rsync的ssh认证协议4.rsync命令5.rsync+inotify 1.rsync简介 rsync是lnux系统下的数据镜像备份工具。使用快速增量备份工具Remote Sync可以远程同步,支持本地复制,或者与其他SSH、rsync主机同步。2. rsync特性 rsync支持很多特性: 可以镜像保存整个目录树和文件系统 ...rsync (Everyone seems to like -z, but it is much slower for me) a: archive mode - rescursive, preserves owner, preserves permissions, preserves modification times, preserves group, copies symlinks as symlinks, preserves device files. H: preserves hard-links A: preserves ACLs X: preserves extended attributes x: don't cross file-system …Like the concept of Leopard's Time Machine but aren't running Leopard on your machine? The IMHO weblog steps through how to mimic the backup chops of Leopard using the rsync comman...Yahoo is betting on fantasy to drive its growth. Yahoo is betting on fantasy to drive its growth. The company today launched a daily fantasy sports league that will let fans in the...rsync -avr a/ b/. Then, I was shown that by doing the following multi-thread approach, it took a 7 seconds: (in this example 10 threads were used) cd a; ls -1 | xargs -n1 -P10 -I% rsync -ar % b/. Because of the huge time efficiency, every time we have to copy data from one place to another (happens almost daily), I'm required to over-engineer a ...What Is rsync? rsync is a powerful and versatile Linux command for transferring and synchronizing files between local and remote devices. Unlike traditional copy commands, rsync uses a delta-transfer algorithm to only transmit the differences between the source and destination files. This approach drastically reduces bandwidth …rsync -avz -e ssh user@remote_host:/path/to/source/ /path/to/local/destination/. Use the following command to push data from your local file …The left side of your brain controls voice and articulation. The Broca's area, in the frontal part of the left hemisphere, helps form sentences before you speak. Language is a uniq... rsync can be used as an advanced alternative for the cp or mv command, especially for copying larger files: $ rsync -P source destination. The -P option is the same as --partial --progress, which keeps partially transferred files and shows a progress bar. You may want to use the -r / --recursive option to recurse into directories. Feb 6, 2024 · rsync supports synchronizing specified files or file types using patterns and wildcards. For example, to only synchronize TXT files, enter: rsync -av original/*.txt duplicate/. You can also exclude files based on specific patterns in their names. To exclude a file named example.txt, type the following command: 850568 total downloads. This package contains files in non-standard. v3.2.7. linux-64v3.2.7. linux-aarch64. osx-arm64v3.2.7. osx-64v3.2.7. To install this package run one of the following: rsync is an open source utility that provides fast incremental file transfer.rsync -avz -e ssh /path/to/local/dir username@remote:/path/to/remote/dir This command uses the ssh shell for the transfer. Skipping Files That Are Newer in the …17) View the Difference Between Source and Destination. Use -i option in rsync command to list the difference in files and directories between source and destination. Example is shown below. # rsync -avzi /home/pkumar/techi [email protected]:/opt. [email protected]'s password:To make rsync start automatically at boot, we must use the systemctl enable subcommand: $ sudo systemctl enable rsync. We set the /mnt/data/rsync directory as owned by the nobody user and the nogroup group (it’s a Debian machine). Here is its content: $ ls /mnt/data/rsync. csv1.csv text1.txt text2.txt.Create 50 text files in the /tmp directory. Next, execute the following rsync command to back up all files that start with ata and are text files ( *.txt) in the tmp directory to the /backup directory. rsync -v tmp/ata*.txt /backup/. …1. Test rsync over ssh (with password): Do a rsync to make sure it asks for the password for your account on the remote server, and successfully copies the files to the remote server. The following example will synchronize the local folder /home/test to the remote folder /backup/test (on 192.168.200.10 server).Change the protocol from http: to rsync: Insert ensembl into the path after the domain name before you paste. Note for downloading from ensemblgenomes sites use ensemblgenomes rather than ensembl (see example below).Numbers Station aims to bring the power of GPT-style foundation models to enterprise use cases, starting with data transformation and record matching. When you think of foundation ...Black Friday is at the end of this week, and while there will certainly be bargains at some of your favorite retailers, they may not be the best, and they may not even be worth sho...Configure Rsync:-. Open the cwRsync Control Panel from the Start menu. Use the Configuration tab to set up your Rsync parameters, such as source and destination paths. Save the configuration. Run ...The rsync daemon is launched by specifying the --daemon option to rsync. You can launch it either via inetd or as a stand-alone daemon. When run via inetd you should add a line like this to /etc/services: rsync 873/tcp. ... and a single line something like this to /etc/inetd.conf:Here is how to use it step by step. It is also a Rsync alernative. Step 1: Type Control Panel in the search box of Windows 10 and choose it to continue. Step 2: In the popup window, choose the Backup and Restore (Windows 7) link to continue.Jul 16, 2022 · RSync is a remote file (or data) synchronization protocol that enables you to synchronize a file stored on a local computer against a file stored on a remote computer - so that after synchronization the local and remote files are identical. If there are any differences between the local and remote file, RSync detects these differences and ... Backup and transfer your data using rsync Overview. Rsync is an open source file synchronization program. Designed to maintain a mirror of a directory, it is a very advanced tool that can be used to make backups, or to copy files to another disk or host in the event of a hardware or software catastrophe. The advantages of rsync over alternate transfer …Jul 26, 2019 · Rsync is widely used for backups and mirroring and as an improved copy command for everyday use. It finds files that need to be transferred using a “quick check” algorithm (by default) that looks for files that have changed insize orin last-modified time. Sep 8, 2009 · Rsync is a command line utility which synchronizes files and folders from one location to another. Some workflows that can be implemented using rsync are updating a production host from a development machine, or using a cron job to call rsync to regularly back up data to a storage location. You can even use rsync to migrate your server to ... Step 1. Download and launch the Rsync Windows alternative, switch to Sync tab and select Basic Sync. Advanced sync modes are available in Professional+ edition: ☛ Real-Time Sync: Sync changed files from source directory to target directory in real time. ☛ Mirror Sync: Always keep the files in source directory exactly same as target directory.Jul 12, 2022 · Rsync is a command part of every Linux administrator’s must-have skills. It’s a command-line tool for mirroring files and directories, making backups, and migrating data to other servers. The use of the rsync command is functionally similar to the SCP command but provides some advantages and more flexibility. Learn how to rsync in this tutorial with examples of local and remote copy. With rsync, you can sync entire directories, automatically delete files, and show...Backup and transfer your data using rsync Overview. Rsync is an open source file synchronization program. Designed to maintain a mirror of a directory, it is a very advanced tool that can be used to make backups, or to copy files to another disk or host in the event of a hardware or software catastrophe. The advantages of rsync over alternate transfer …850568 total downloads. This package contains files in non-standard. v3.2.7. linux-64v3.2.7. linux-aarch64. osx-arm64v3.2.7. osx-64v3.2.7. To install this package run one of the following: rsync is an open source utility that provides fast incremental file transfer.As the man page says, the default behaviour of rsync is to create a new copy of the file in the destination and to move it into the right place when the transfer is completed. If the destination directory doesn’t exist rsync will create it. A trailing slash on the source avoids creating an additional directory level at the destination. Rsync is a fast and extraordinarily versatile file copying tool. It can copy locally, to/from another host over any remote shell, or to/from a remote rsync daemon. It offers a large number of options that control every aspect of its behavior and permit very flexible specification of the set of files to be copied. 1. Test rsync over ssh (with password): Do a rsync to make sure it asks for the password for your account on the remote server, and successfully copies the files to the remote server. The following example will synchronize the local folder /home/test to the remote folder /backup/test (on 192.168.200.10 server).rsync is a protocol built for Unix-like systems that provides unbelievable versatility for backing up and synchronizing data. It can be used locally to back up files to …rsync is a command-line tool that synchronizes files and directories between systems. It supports compression, encryption, incremental updates, and various options. Learn more about rsync features, …The command now looks like this. rsync -aH -e ssh --delete --exclude Cache --link-dest=yesterdaystargetdir remote1:sourcedir todaystargetdir. This is the final form of my rsync backup command. rsync has a very large number of options that you can use to customize the synchronization process.一、简介. rsync 是一个常用的 Linux 应用程序,用于文件同步。. 它可以在本地计算机与远程计算机之间,或者两个本地目录之间同步文件(但不支持两台远程计算机之间的同步)。. 它也可以当作文件复制工具,替代 cp 和 mv 命令。. 它名称里面的 r 指的是 …Get to Know rsync. By. zonker. -. January 5, 2010. 12492. One of the handiest tools you’ll ever have on Linux (and other *nix systems) is rsync. As the name implies, rsync is used to sync files on remote and local machines. You can use rsync to copy files to remote systems and back again, or to make backups to locally mounted …Jul 19, 2023 · Rsync. Rsync is an open-source file synchronizing tool that provides incremental file transfer. It can be used over insecure and secure transports (like SSH). It is available on most Unix-based systems (such as macOS and Linux) and Windows. There are also GUI-based tools that use rsync, for example, Acrosync. A basic command looks like this: bash. Rsync는 일반적으로 서로 다른 두 개의 시스템 간에 파일과 디렉터리를 동기화하기 위해 사용된다. 이를테면 rsync local-file user@remote-host:remote-file를 사용하면 rsync는 SSH를 사용하여 user 자격으로 remote-host에 접속하게 된다. rsync is a utility for efficiently transferring and synchronizing files between a computer and an external hard drive and across networked computers by comparing the modification times and sizes of files. [3] It is commonly found on Unix-like operating systems. The rsync algorithm is a type of delta encoding, and is used for minimizing network ...Do you feel overwhelmed? Not sure how to get everything done? Putting everyone else’s needs first? Feeling stressed out is the norm for many parents. But it doesn’t have to be that... A html version of the original rsync technical report. A copy of Andrew Tridgell's PhD thesis (which includes three chapters on rsync). A nice page on how rsync works. A copy of John Langford's thesis on Multiround rsync, which is not used in rsync, but is interesting none-the-less. There is an rsync TODO list, but it is really Rsync is a command line utility which synchronizes files and folders from one location to another. Some workflows that can be implemented using rsync are updating a production host from a development machine, or using a cron job to call rsync to regularly back up data to a storage location. You can even use rsync to migrate your server to ...rsync is a protocol built for Unix-like systems that provides unbelievable versatility for backing up and synchronizing data. It can be used locally to back up files to …Jun 11, 2020 · Rsync is a command-line utility that lets you transfer files to local and remote locations. Rsync is convenient to use since it comes by default with most Linux distributions. You can customize the tool by using many of the available options. In this use case, we will use SSH in combination with rsync to secure the file transfer. Rsync is a command line utility which synchronizes files and folders from one location to another. Some workflows that can be implemented using rsync are updating a production host from a development machine, or using a cron job to call rsync to regularly back up data to a storage location. You can even use rsync to migrate your server to ...rsync is a program that behaves in much the same way that rcp does, but has many more options and uses the rsync remote-update protocol to greatly speed up file transfers when the destination file already exists. Rsync is widely used for backups and mirroring and as an improved copy command for everyday use.Step 1. Download and launch the Rsync Windows alternative, switch to Sync tab and select Basic Sync. Advanced sync modes are available in Professional+ edition: ☛ Real-Time Sync: Sync changed files from source directory to target directory in real time. ☛ Mirror Sync: Always keep the files in source directory exactly same as target directory.rsync 🇬🇧 ist ein Programm, um Dateien zwischen lokalen oder über das Netzwerk erreichbaren Pfaden abzugleichen. Dabei werden zunächst die Größe und die Änderungszeit der Dateien in Quelle und Ziel verglichen („Quick Check“-Algorithmus). Dadurch werden nur die Dateien behandelt, bei denen es Änderungen gegeben hat.To make rsync start automatically at boot, we must use the systemctl enable subcommand: $ sudo systemctl enable rsync. We set the /mnt/data/rsync directory as owned by the nobody user and the nogroup group (it’s a Debian machine). Here is its content: $ ls /mnt/data/rsync. csv1.csv text1.txt text2.txt.What Is rsync? rsync is a powerful and versatile Linux command for transferring and synchronizing files between local and remote devices. Unlike traditional copy commands, rsync uses a delta-transfer algorithm to only transmit the differences between the source and destination files. This approach drastically reduces bandwidth …Jul 26, 2019 · Rsync is widely used for backups and mirroring and as an improved copy command for everyday use. It finds files that need to be transferred using a “quick check” algorithm (by default) that looks for files that have changed insize orin last-modified time. Mar 10, 2021 · The rsync tool can recursively navigate a directory structure and update a second location with any new/changed/removed files. It checks to see if files exist in the destination before sending them, saving bandwidth and time for everything it skips. Also, rsync provides the ability to synchronize a directory structure (or even a single file ... rsync 🇬🇧 ist ein Programm, um Dateien zwischen lokalen oder über das Netzwerk erreichbaren Pfaden abzugleichen. Dabei werden zunächst die Größe und die Änderungszeit der Dateien in Quelle und Ziel verglichen („Quick Check“-Algorithmus). Dadurch werden nur die Dateien behandelt, bei denen es Änderungen gegeben hat.Rsync is a fast and extraordinarily versatile file copying tool. It can copy locally, to/from another host over any remote shell, or to/from a remote rsync daemon. It offers a large number of options that control every aspect of its behavior and permit very flexible specification of the set of files to be copied.Get ratings and reviews for the top 11 pest companies in Sunrise, FL. Helping you find the best pest companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projects Featur...Aug 13, 2021 · rsync stands for “remote sync” and is a powerful command line utility for synchronizing directories either on a local system or with remote machines. It’s built into nearly every Linux system by default and this tutorial will help you to understand rsync better by providing you most common rsync examples administrators use to keep the data synchronised across multiple server/hosts. Rsync is a fast and extraordinarily versatile file copying tool. It can copy locally, to/from another host over any remote shell, or to/from a remote rsync daemon. It offers a large …Rsync (Remote Sync) is a command-line tool for synchronizing files between two Unix-based systems. Rsync can also be used on the same system to synchronize files between two directories. Rsync uses a delta-transfer algorithm to send only the differences between source files and existing files to the destination.This will skip non regular files and enables just the timestamps on files in order to sync only the differences the next time you run it. From man rsync: -a flag is an alias for -rlptgoD. You can add additional flags if you need to preserve other file attributes. You would need the --no-r --no-R --no-d options also to do what the op is asking.This guide will help you install rsync on Windows 10. It is assumed that you already have Git for Windows installed.. If you didn't already know, Git for Windows and its Git Bash environment is built using msys2, but it doesn't include all the binaries from that project.One of the binaries that exists, but that isn't included, is rsync.The rsync utility requires around 100 bytes to keep all essential information for one file; thus, a run with 80,000 files would need approximately 80M of RAM. Q. Why do we use the rsync command in Linux? The rsync utility may traverse a directory structure recursively and update a second location with any new/changed/removed files.China Water Affairs Group News: This is the News-site for the company China Water Affairs Group on Markets Insider Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks A html version of the original rsync technical report. A copy of Andrew Tridgell's PhD thesis (which includes three chapters on rsync). A nice page on how rsync works. A copy of John Langford's thesis on Multiround rsync, which is not used in rsync, but is interesting none-the-less. There is an rsync TODO list, but it is really rsync是Unix下的一款应用软件,它能同步更新两处计算机的檔案與目錄,並適當利用差分編碼以減少数据傳輸量。 rsync中的一項同类软件不常见的重要特性是每個目標的 镜像 只需傳送一次。 Feb 5, 2013 · First, we need to install/update the rsync client. On Red Hat distributions, the command is "yum install rsync" and on Debian it is "sudo apt-get install rsync." The command on Red Hat/CentOS, after logging in as root (note that some recent distributions of Red Hat support the sudo method). The command on Debian/Ubuntu. Jan 31, 2023 · The syntax for this is as follows: rsync [options] [user@host-ip]:source dest-on-local-machine. For example, to copy or sync a file called sample.txt from the local machine to the home directory of a user called bob located a remote system, run the command as shown. rsync -av sample.txt [email protected]:/home/bob. Today’s simple example will use rsync from a Windows PC to mirror files that exist on a Mac. 1. If it isn’t already, install the Unix emulator Cygwin on your PC, and be sure to check off the ...Rsync is a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool. It is famous for its delta-transfer algorithm, which reduces the amount of data sent over the network by sending only the differences between the source files and the existing files in the destination. It is available on most Unix-like systems, including the FAS RC cluster and ...Judge Amy Coney Barrett says her judicial philosophy is originalism, following in the footsteps of her mentor, Justice Antonin Scalia. What does that mean? Advertisement With their...The above is the biggest misconception about rsync. Many of us think rsync will simply send the delta updates of the files, and that it will automatically update only what needs to be updated. But this is not the default behaviour of rsync. As the man page says, the default behaviour of rsync is to create a new copy of the file in the ...You call rsync, list the options and choose the source and destination. All options can be found in rsync's man pages. Let's take a look at the key options we'll be using: --archive or -a. This option is an alias for -rlptgoD which boils down to - do a recursive call trying to preserve as much as you can.Introduction to Linux Rsync. Rsync is a utility in the command line which enables users to transfer and synchronize files efficiently between a computer and an external hard drive in the entire connected network. This utility is achieved by comparison of modification times and also the file size. This utility of the synchronization is written ...Oct 2, 2015 · rsync /home/simple.txt [email protected] :/home. This command will copy the file simple.txt from our local server to our remote server’s /home directory. Rsync Transfer between two servers. On the right, we did an ls before the rsync and then again after it was run, so we can see the file was copied.

rsync provides many advantages as a file-copying tool, as it:. supports copying links, devices, owners, groups, and permissions; has –exclude and –exclude-from options that allow us to exclude files that match specific patterns can run securely over SSH; can minimize the amount of data that is being transferred by only sending the files that …. No code mobile app builder

rsync -z

If there is an interruption (network or receiving side) then when using --partial the partial file is kept AND it is used when rsync is resumed. From the manpage: "Using the --partial option tells rsync to keep the partial file which should <b>make a subsequent transfer of the rest of the file much faster</b>."Possibility 1. Using the shell expansion 1 instead of rsync's filter rules, you can do as follows:. a. To include all bin dirs in the top_dir hierarchy:. rsync -av -R top_dir/**/bin/ destination_path Here -R is a rsync 2 parameter standing for relative. man rsync explains it as. Use relative paths. This means that the full path names specified on the command …28.2K. Undoubtedly, Rsync is a powerful backup application to synchronize and backup files and directories in Linux and Unix-like operating systems. Since Rsync is a command line utility, many newbies may find it difficult to use. Fortunately, there are a few graphical frontend tools for Rsync available. In this guide, we will discuss one such tool … Rsync is a fast and extraordinarily versatile file copying tool. It can copy locally, to/from another host over any remote shell, or to/from a remote rsync daemon. It offers a large number of options that control every aspect of its behavior and permit very flexible specification of the set of files to be copied. Where can FedEx employees get discounts for airfaire? Alaska Airlines? United Airlines? How much is the discount? We have the answers. Jump Links FedEx Corporate, Express, and Serv...7 Answers. rsync has a --info option that can be used to not only output the current progress, but also the transfer rate and elapsed time: The explanation of how to use it comes under the -P option in the man page: -P The -P option is equivalent to --partial --progress. Its purpose is to.You use more computers and operating systems to get your work done today than ever before. But how do you keep your files synchronized between them? Plenty of OS-specific tools can...The above is the biggest misconception about rsync. Many of us think rsync will simply send the delta updates of the files, and that it will automatically update only what needs to be updated. But this is not the default behaviour of rsync. As the man page says, the default behaviour of rsync is to create a new copy of the file in the ...rsync will copy mysubdir/dummy to target_dir, creating mysubdir in the process. Tested with rsync 3.1.3 on Raspberry Pi OS (debian). Share. Improve this answer. Follow answered Nov 27, 2021 at 14:15. user8150417 user8150417. 61 1 1 silver badge 7 7 bronze badges.How do I use the rsync command from a local Windows 7 machine to a remote Linux server?. What software is needed on the Windows 7 machine to use rsync?. The remote Linux server is using Amazon's Linux AMI. The command rsync is already enabled on the machine and I can edit any needed access to the machine.. This is for the purposes of …Rsync is a fast and extraordinarily versatile file copying tool. It can copy locally, to/from another host over any remote shell, or to/from a remote rsync daemon. It offers a large number of options that control every aspect of its behavior and permit very flexible specification of the set of files to be copied.To implement our backup strategy we will make use of the --link-dest option of rsync. This option takes a directory as argument. When invoking rsync we will than specify: The source directory. The destination directory. The directory to be used as argument of the --link-dest option.Numbers Station aims to bring the power of GPT-style foundation models to enterprise use cases, starting with data transformation and record matching. When you think of foundation ...@jolvi's version (passing command as string) should not be used! Pass the arguments as a list of strings. It will save you tons of time debugging later on when you can't figure out why your shell command isn't doing what you expect due to …Rsync. Rsync is file transfer utility that enables you to synchronize files between QNAP NAS devices and Unix clients. Configuring the Rsync Server. Creating an Rsync Backup Job. Rsync Job Settings. Rsync Job Buttons.rsync is a protocol built for Unix-like systems that provides unbelievable versatility for backing up and synchronizing data. It can be used locally to back up files to …1. Test rsync over ssh (with password): Do a rsync to make sure it asks for the password for your account on the remote server, and successfully copies the files to the remote server. The following example will synchronize the local folder /home/test to the remote folder /backup/test (on 192.168.200.10 server).To use Rsync efficiently and effectively, follow these best practices: Use the -a option for most transfers to preserve file permissions, ownership, and timestamps.; Use the -z option for large files to compress the data during transfer.; Use incremental backups for large data sets to reduce backup time and storage requirements.Idealized white beauty standards don't just hurt minority women psychologically—they have real physical effects too. Racist beauty standards do a lot of damage to non-white women. ....

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